This is a conversation with Sabrîna Azad. She’s a writer who published a moving piece for Mangal Media entitled ‘From Halabja to Ghouta‘ in which she looked at how deniers of Assad’s war crimes in Syria were evoking painful memories for survivors of Saddam Hussein’s genocidal campaigns against Kurds. She spoke about the legacy of the Halabja massacre, part of the Anfal genocide of the late 80s, as well as the 1991 uprisings against Saddam and why they offer better insight into the world’s reaction to Syria since 2011 than the more frequently mentioned 2003 invasion of Iraq does.

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It is available on Apple Podcasts, Anchor, Breaker, Google Podcasts, Radio Public, Spotify, Pocket Casts, and RSS. More to come!

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Further reading, proposed by Sabrina:

• The Nazi Origins of Deadly Nerve Gas
• What Does Sarin Do to People?
• Kurdistan Memory Programme: The Story of Anfal
• Halabja Victims Society: Victims’ Stories
• Nowhere to Hide: The Logic of Chemical Weapons Use in Syria
• Syrian Activist on Ghouta Attack: “I Haven’t Seen Such Death in My Whole Life”

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Music by Tarabeat. Logo design by Carl Farra.

The featured photo was taken from the Mangal Media article and was originally designed by Rahimiha.